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|| om tat sat||

Sundarakanda
Sarga 49

"विस्मयं परमं गत्वा"means very much surprised. Who was so surprised? That is Hanuma who was brought into the assembly of Ravana. Normally when one sees something unexpected one is surprised. Brought into the assembly of the Rakshasa king, Hanuma was surprised seeing Ravana.

In this Sarga we too will see that Ravana, who surprised Hanuma?

Now we go through Slokas of Sarga forty- nine.

||Sloka 49.01||

ततः स कर्मणा तस्य विस्मितो भीमविक्रमः।
हनुमान्रोषताम्राक्षो रक्षोऽधिपमवैक्षत॥49.01||

स॥ ततः सः भीमविक्रमः हनुमान् रोषताम्राक्षः तस्य कर्मणा विस्मितः रक्षोधिपं अवैक्षत॥

Rama Tika says - तस्य इन्द्रजितस्य कर्मणाविस्मितः रावणस्य कर्मणा सीतापहरणक्रियया क्रोधताम्राक्षः।

Govindaraja TiKa says- रावणेनागन्तव्यं इति मया यत्नः कृतः। स तु नीतिज्ञ आसनस्थ एव इन्द्रजिन्मुखेन मां निबध्य आनीतवान् इति आनयन कर्मणा विस्मितः ।

॥Sloka meanings||

ततः सः भीमविक्रमः हनुमान् -
then Hanuman who is of fierce valor
रोषताम्राक्षः -
with eyes red with anger
तस्य कर्मणा विस्मितः-
astonished by their actions
रक्षोधिपं अवैक्षत-
looked at the king of Rakshasas

||Sloka summary||

"Then Hanuman who is of fierce valor, astonished by their actions, looked at the king of Rakshasas with eyes red with anger." ||49.01||

Here तस्य कर्मणा refers to Indrajit . He was surprised by the fact his wish to meet Ravana was fulfilled by Indrajit, who brought to Ravana. That he was angry by Indrajit - रोषताम्राक्षः - can be said to be because of Sita being abducted by Ravana

||Sloka 49.02||

भ्राजमानं महार्हेण कांचनेन विराजता।
मुक्तजालावृते नाथ मकुटेन महाद्युतिम्॥49.02||

स॥ महार्हेन कांचनेन विराजिता अथ मुक्ताजालवृतेनमुकुटेन भ्राजमानं महाद्युतिम्॥

॥Sloka meanings||

महार्हेन कांचनेन विराजिता -
made of excellent gold
अथ मुक्ताजालवृतेन मुकुटेन भ्राजमानं -
shining with a crown covered with glittering strings of pearls
महाद्युतिम् -
of great splendor

||Sloka summary||

"(the Rakshasa king was ) Of great splendor, shining with a golden crown covered with glittering strings of pearls." ||49.02||

||Sloka 49.03||

वज्रसंयोगसंयुक्तै र्महर्हमणिविग्रहैः।
हैमै राभरणैश्चित्रै र्मनसेव प्रकल्पितैः॥49.03||

स॥ वज्रसंयोग संयुक्तैः महार्हमणिविग्रहैः मनसा प्रकल्पितैरिव चित्रैः हेमैः आभरणैः ||

||Sloka meanings||

वज्रसंयोग संयुक्तैः -
studded with diamonds,
महार्हमणिविग्रहैः -
adorned with small motifs of precious gems
मनसा प्रकल्पितैरिव -
as though designed in mind
चित्रैः हेमैः आभरणैः-
with wonderful variety of golden ornaments

||Sloka summary||

"( He was decked ) with wonderful variety golden ornaments studded with diamonds, adorned with small motifs of precious gems as though designed in mind with imagination." ||49.03||

||Sloka 49.04||

महर्हक्षौमसंवीतं रक्तचंदनरूषितं।
स्वनुलिप्तं विचित्राभिर्विविधाभिश्च भक्तिभिः॥49.04||

स॥ महार्हक्षौम संवीतं रक्तचंदन रूषितं विचित्राभिः विविधाबिश्च भक्तिभिः स्वानुलिप्तं ||

||Sloka meanings||

महार्हक्षौम संवीतं -
dressed in exquisite silk
रक्तचंदन रूषितं -
smeared with red sandal paste
विचित्राभिः विविधाबिश्च भक्तिभिः -
with many kinds of wonderful ornamental designs
स्वानुलिप्तं - smeared with unguents

||Sloka summary||

"( He was) Dressed in exquisite silk with many kinds of wonderful ornamental designs , smeared with red sandal paste , smeared with unguents." ||49.04||

||Sloka 49.05||

विवृतैर्दर्शनीयैश्च रक्ताक्षैर्भीमदर्शनैः।
दीप्त तीक्ष्णमहादंष्ट्रैः प्रलंबदशनच्छदैः॥49.05||

शिरोभिर्दशभिर्वीरं भ्राजमानं महौजसं।
नानाव्याळसमाकीर्णैः शिखरैरिव मंदरम्॥49.06||

स॥ दर्शनीयैः रक्ताक्षैः भीमदर्शनैः दीप्ततीक्ष्णमहादंष्ट्रैः प्रलंबदसनच्छदैः दशभिः शिरोभिः विचित्रैः ननाव्यालसमाकीर्णैः शिखरैः मंदरं इव भ्राजमानं महौजसं वीरं (ददर्श)||

Rama Tika says - समस्त पाठे भ्राजमानं इति उत्तरेण अन्वयः। नानाव्यालसमाकीर्णैः अनेक सर्प व्याप्तैः शिखरैः मंदरमिव प्रलंबदशनैः दर्शिभिः शिरोभिश्च भ्राजमानं।

॥Sloka meanings||

दर्शनीयैः भीमदर्शनैः रक्ताक्षैः -
with blood red eyes, with fearsome looks,
दीप्ततीक्ष्णमहादंष्ट्रैः -
with shining sharp teeth
प्रलंबदसनच्छदैः -
with drooping lips
विचित्रैः नानाव्यालसमाकीर्णैः -
filled with different kinds of beasts
मंदरं इव शिखरैः - like the peaks of Mandara mountain
दशभिः शिरोभिः - with ten heads
भ्राजमानं - shining
महौजसं वीरं (ददर्श)-
lustrous hero ( saw)

||Sloka summary||

"Heroic powerful and splendid, (he) appeared with blood red eyes, with fearsome looks, with shining sharp teeth with drooping lips, with ten heads, which looked like the peaks of Mandara mountain with different kinds of beasts." ||49.05,06||

The Simile of Mandara mountain with peaks and animals is for the sharp teeth , hanging lips, ten heads..

||Sloka 49.07||

नीलांजनचयप्रख्यं हारेणोरसि राजता।
पूर्ण चंद्राभवक्त्रेन सबलाकमिवांबुदम्॥49.07||

स॥नीलांजनचयप्रख्यं उरसि राजता हारेण पूर्णचंद्राभव वक्त्रेण बलाकं अंबुदं इव ||

||Sloka meanings||

नीलांजनचयप्रख्यं -
like a black mountain of collyrium
उरसि राजता हारेण -
with a chest illuminated by the necklace
पूर्णचंद्राभव वक्त्रेण -
with a face like that of full moon
बलाकं अंबुदं इव -
like black cloud with cranes flying around.

||Sloka summary||

"Like a black mountain of collyrium with a face like that of full moon, with a chest illuminated by the necklace , he looked like black cloud with cranes flying around." ||49.07||

||Sloka 49.08||

बाहुभिर्बद्धकेयूरैः चंदनोत्तमरूषितैः।
भ्राजमानांगदैः पीनैः पंचशीर्षैरिवोरगैः॥49.08||

स॥ बद्धकेयूरैः चंदनोत्तमरुषितैः भ्राजमानांगदैः पीनैः पंचशीर्षैः उरगैरिव बाहुभिः ||

||Sloka meanings||

बद्धकेयूरैः - wearing armlets
चंदनोत्तमरुषितैः -
smeared with best sandal paste
भ्राजमानांगदैः पीनैः बाहुभिः-
with shining bracelets, the stout arms
पंचशीर्षैः उरगैरिव -
(looked) like five headed serpents.

||Sloka summary||

"Smeared with best sandal paste , wearing armlets and shining bracelets, the stout arms looked like five headed serpents." ||49.08||

||Sloka 49.09||

महति स्फाटिके चित्रे रत्नसंयोगसंस्कृते।
उत्तमास्तरणास्तीर्णे सूपविष्टं वरानने॥49.09||

स॥ रत्नसंयोग संस्कृते चित्रे उत्तमास्तरणास्तीर्णे श्फाटिके महति वरासने सूपविष्टं ||

||Sloka meanings||

रत्नसंयोग संस्कृते -
encrusted with precious stones
चित्रे उत्तमास्तरणास्तीर्णे -
on a beautiful carpet
स्फाटिके महति वरासने -
on a huge magnificent throne of crystalस्
सूपविष्टं -
well seated ( Ravana))

||Sloka summary||

"( He was ) well seated on a huge magnificent throne of crystal encrusted with precious stones, which is on a beautiful carpet." ||49.09||

||Sloka 49.10||

अलंकृताभिरत्यर्थं प्रमदाभिः समंततः।
वालव्यजनहस्ताभि रारात्समुपसेवितम्॥49.10||

स॥ अत्यर्थं अलंकृताभिः व्यालव्यजनहस्ताभिः प्रमदाभिः समंततः आरात् समुपसेवितं॥

॥Sloka meanings||

अत्यर्थं अलंकृताभिः-
exceedingly well decorated ones
व्यालव्यजनहस्ताभिः-
holding whisks in their hands
प्रमदाभिः समंततः -
surrounded by beautiful girls
आरात् समुपसेवितं -
being served in the vicinity

||Sloka summary||

"Beautiful girls exceedingly well decorated ones , holding whisks in their hands in the vicinity, attended on him."||49.10||

||Sloka 49.11,12||

दुर्धरेण प्रहस्तेन महापार्श्वेन रक्षसा।
मंत्रिभिर्मंत्रतत्त्वज्ञैर्निकुंभेन च मंत्रिणा॥49.11||

सुखोपविष्टं रक्षोभिः चतुर्भिः बलदर्पितैः।
कृत्स्नः परिवृतोलोकः चतुर्भिरिवसागरैः॥49.12||

स॥ दुर्धरेण प्रहस्तेन रक्षसा महापार्श्वेन मंत्रिणा निकुंभेन मंत्रतत्वज्ञैः मंत्रिभिः बलदर्पितैः चतुर्भिः रक्षोभिः सुखोपविष्टं चतुर्भिः सागरैः परिवृतं कृत्स्नं लोकम् इव॥

॥Sloka meanings||

दुर्धरेण प्रहस्तेन -
(attended by Rakshasas) Durdhara Prahasta
महापार्श्वेन निकुंभेन रक्षसा मंत्रिणा -
Mahaparsva Nikumbha Rakshasas and ministers
बलदर्पितैः मंत्रतत्वज्ञैः मंत्रिभिः -
arrogant a, learned ones and ministers
चतुर्भिः रक्षोभिः सुखोपविष्टं -
seated comfortably with four ministers
चतुर्भिः सागरैः परिवृतं -
surrounded by the four oceans
कृत्स्नं लोकम् इव -
like the whole world

||Sloka summary||

"He was attended by Rakshasas Durdhara Prahasta Mahaparsva Nikumbha, who are the ministers and learned ones. Attended by the four arrogant Rakshasas and comfortably seated he looked like the entire world surrounded by four oceans." ||49.11,12||

||Sloka 49.13||

मंत्रिभिर्मंत्रतत्त्वज्ञै रन्यैश्च शुभबुद्धिभिः।
अन्वास्यमानं रक्षोभिः सुरैरिव सुरेश्वरम्॥49.13||

स॥ मंत्र तत्वज्ञैः शुभबंधुभिः मंत्रिभिः अन्यैः रक्षोभिः सुरैः सुरेश्वरं इव अन्वास्यमानं ||

||Sloka meanings||

मंत्र तत्वज्ञैः शुभबंधुभिः -
by learned ones, intellectuals
मंत्रिभिः अन्यैः रक्षोभिः -
ministers and other Rakshasas
सुरैः सुरेश्वरं इव -
Indra attended by the gods
अन्वास्यमानं -
being attended

||Sloka summary||

"Attended by learned ones, intellectuals, ministers and other Rakshasas, he was like Indra attended by the gods."||49.13||

||Sloka 49.14||

अपश्यत् राक्षपतिं हनुमानतितेजसं।
विष्ठितं मेरुशिखरे सतोयमिव तोयदम्॥49.14||

स॥ हनुमान् अतितेजसं मेरुशिखरे विष्ठितं सतोयं तोयदं इव राक्षसपतिं अपश्यत् ||

||Sloka meanings||

हनुमान् अतितेजसं -
Hanuman saw the highly splendid
मेरुशिखरे विष्ठितं -
on the peaks of Meru
सतोयं तोयदं इव राक्षसपतिं -
like clouds laden with water
अपश्यत् - saw ( Ravana)

||Sloka summary||

"Hanuman saw the highly splendid, Rakshasa king who appeared like clouds laden with water on the peaks of Meru Mountain."||49.14||

||Sloka 49.15||

सतैसंपीड्यमानोऽपि रक्षोभिर्भीमविक्रमैः।
विस्मयं परमं गत्वा रक्षोऽधिपमवैक्षत॥49.15||

स॥ सः भीमविक्रमैः रक्षोभिः संपीड्यमानोपि परमं विस्मयं गत्वा रक्षोधिपं अवैक्षत॥

॥Sloka meanings||

सः भीमविक्रमैः -
by the fearsome Rakshasas
रक्षोभिः संपीड्यमानोपि -
though being troubled by
परमं विस्मयं गत्वा -
in amazement
रक्षोधिपं अवैक्षत -
looked at the Rakshasa king

||Sloka summary||

"Though being troubled by the fearsome Rakshasas he ( Hanuman) looked at the Rakshasa king in amazement." ||49.15||

||Sloka 49.16||

भ्राजमानं ततो दृष्ट्वा हनुमान्राक्षसेश्वरम्।
मनसा चिंतयामास तेजसा तस्य मोहिता॥49.16||

स॥ ततः हनुमान् भ्राजमानं तस्य तेजसा राक्षसेश्वरं दृष्ट्वा तस्य तेजसा मोहितः मनसा चिंतयामास॥

॥Sloka meanings||.

ततः हनुमान् - then Hanuman
भ्राजमानं राक्षसेश्वरं दृष्ट्वा -
looking at the shining king of Rakshasas
तस्य तेजसा मोहितः -
attracted by his splendor
मनसा चिंतयामास -
started thinking in his mind

||Sloka summary||

"Then Hanuman looking at the shining king of Rakshasas , attracted by his splendor, started thinking in his mind." ||49.16||

Though being troubled by the fearsome Rakshasas
Hanuman looked at the Rakshasa king in amazement.

Having overcome his initial surprise at Indrajit,
and anger at Ravana for his heinous crime,
looking at the king of Rakshasas and attracted by his splendor,
Hanuman started thinking in his mind.

||Sloka 49.17||

अहो रूप महोधैर्य महोसत्त्व महोद्युतिः।
अहो राक्षसराजस्य सर्वलक्षण युक्तता॥49.17||

स॥। राक्षसराजस्य रूपं अहो। धैर्यं अहो। सत्त्वं अहो। द्युतिः अहो। सर्वलक्षणयुक्तता अहो॥

॥Sloka meanings||

राक्षसराजस्य रूपं अहो - Oh What form of the king of Rakshasas
धैर्यं अहो - What courage
सत्त्वं अहो - What power
द्युतिः अहो - What glow
सर्वलक्षणयुक्तता अहो - endowed with all merits

||Sloka summary||

"Oh What form . What courage . What power. What glow. He is endowed with all merits." ||49.17||

||Sloka 49.18||

यद्यधर्मो न बलवान् स्यादयं राक्षसेश्वरः।
स्या दयं सुरलोकस्य सशक्रस्यापि रक्षिता॥49.18||

स॥ अयं बलवान् अधर्मः न स्यात् यदि अयं राक्षसेश्वरः सशक्रस्य सुरलोकस्यापि रक्षिता स्यात् ||

Rama Tika says - अयं बलवान् राक्षसेश्वरो यद्यधर्मवान् न स्यात् शक्रस्य इत्यादि प्राग्वत्।अधर्महतत्वात् स्व प्रजानामपि नाशक एवेति भावः॥

॥Sloka meanings||

अयं बलवान् राक्षसेश्वरः -
this powerful Rakshasa king.
अधर्मः न स्यात् यदि -
if he is not unrighteous
सशक्रस्य सुरलोकस्यापि -
even the world of gods including Indra
रक्षिता स्यात् -
could have been the ruler

||Sloka summary||

"If he is not unrighteous, the powerful Rakshasa king could have been the lord of even the world of gods including Indra".||49.18||

||Sloka 49.19||

अस्य क्रूरैर्नृशंसैश्च कर्मभिर्लोककुत्सितैः।
सर्वे बिभ्यति खल्वस्माल्लोकाः सामरदानवाः॥49.19||
अयं ह्युत्सहते क्रुद्धः कर्तुमेकार्णवं जगत्।

स॥ क्रूरैः नृशंसैश्च लोककुत्सितैः अस्यकर्मभिः सामरदानवाः सर्वे लोकाः अस्मात् बिभ्यति हि। अयं कृद्धः जगत् एकार्णवम् कर्तुं उत्सहते हि |

Rama Tika says - कृद्धः अयं जगत् एकार्णवं कर्तुम् उत्सहते समर्थः भवति इति।

॥Sloka meanings||.

क्रूरैः नृशंसैश्च -
with cruel wicked
लोककुत्सितैः अस्यकर्मभिः -
universally contemptible deeds
सामरदानवाः सर्वे लोकाः -
all the worlds including gods and demons
अस्मात् बिभ्यति हि -
scared of this person
अयं कृद्धः - this angry one
जगत् एकार्णवम् कर्तुं उत्सहते हि -
capable of making the entire world into ocean

||Sloka summary||

"With his contemptible wicked deeds, all people even the gods and demons are scared of this person. this angry one is capable of making the entire world into ocean." ||49.19||

||Sloka 49.20||

इतिचिंतां बहुविधा मकरोन्मतिमान् कपिः॥
दृष्ट्वा राक्षसराजस्य प्रभावममितौजसः॥49.20||

स॥ अमितौजसः राक्षसराजस्य प्रभावं दृष्ट्वा मतिमान् हरिः इति बहुविधां चिंतां अकरोत्॥

॥Sloka meanings||

अमितौजसः राक्षसराजस्य -
of the brilliant king of Rakshasas
प्रभावं दृष्ट्वा - seeing the power
मतिमान् हरिः - intelligent Hanuman
इति बहुविधां चिंतां अकरोत् -
thus entertained many thoughts.

||Sloka summary||

"Thus seeing the power of the brilliant king of Rakshasas intelligent Hanuman entertained many thoughts." ||49.20||

"इति चिन्तां बहुविधम्."
Thus, the Vanara wondered in many ways.
That is what we hear in this Sarga.

We have seen this trait of Hanuma. Many a time being taken aback, being surprised, plainly wondering at the first sight.
But he recovers from such surprises and moves on his path undeterred.

We hear in second Sarga about the city of Lanka. Amazement at the city of Lanka on the Trikuta mountain looking like Amaravati. While searching for Sita in the city of Lanka, Hanuma wonders if it is a celestial city. Looking at the wives of Ravana, we hear Hanuma saying that there is none who was not in love with him. There is none who was brought by force. We hear praises Ravana at many places.

At every point of that praise we also hear, 'if only he did not commit the heinous crime, he could have been the Lord of Suras too!

It seems like the poet is making a point. One may have done many good deeds, but one heinous crime, he must bear the fruits of that action. This is a lesson poet seems to say again and again.

Thus, we come to the end of forty ninth Sarga

इत्यार्षे श्रीमद्रामायणे आदिकाव्ये वाल्मीकीये
चतुर्विंशत् सहस्रिकायां संहितायाम्
श्रीमत्सुंदरकांडे एकोनपंचाशस्सर्गः ||

Thus ends Sarga forty-nine of Sundarakanda in Ramayana the first poem composed in Sanskrit by the first poet sage Valmiki.

||om tat sat||