||om tat sat ||

Viveka Chudamani Slokas 239-240 - 241 -242

In the following four Slokas we have a wonderful elaboration on the Brahman, the Supreme being since it is now clear that there is only Brahman and everything else is a superimposition on that Brahman

అతః పరమ్ బ్రహ్మ సదద్వితీయం
విశుద్ధ విజ్ఞాన ఘనం నిరంజనమ్|
ప్రశాన్తం ఆద్యన్తవిహీనం అక్రియం
నిరన్తరానన్దరస స్వరూపమ్||239||

నిరస్తమాయకృత సర్వభేదమ్
నిత్యం ధృవమ్ నిష్కలమ్ అప్రమేయమ్
అరూపమవ్యక్తమనాఖ్యమవ్యయమ్
జ్యోతిః స్వయం కించిదిదం చకాస్తి||240||


Sloka 239

అతః పరమ్ బ్రహ్మ సదద్వితీయం
విశుద్ధ విజ్ఞాన ఘనం నిరంజనమ్|
ప్రశాన్తం ఆద్యన్తవిహీనం అక్రియం
నిరన్తరానన్దరస స్వరూపమ్||౨౩౯||

అతః - Hence..
That is from all that we understood from the earlier slokas, that since we have confirmed that universe is unreal, only Brahman is real. We are left with Brahman only.   All the pots of different shapes and colors for different users are all made of substratum clay only .
All the different objects we see in difefrent forms, uses, and shapes are all nothing but a form of Brahman.

Having established that we now delve into Brahman.

This eternal real Brahman has many attributes which we will now go through in four Slokas
( 239-240 -241-242 )

These tenty five attrbutes come in the four slokas. We will go through all the four Slokas, while we number th3 attributes starting sloka 239.


పరమ్ బ్రహ్మ సత్  -
The Suprem Brahman is real and ..without a second

1 అద్వితీయం -  without a second .

 సత్ refers to it being eternal , present in all three states or three times. If there is a second entity, say Universe which is real and different from Brahman, we know the contracdictions. We have already concluded that there is no universe independent of Brahman.  Now if there is any other third thing that is real and exists independent of Brahman, again the same arguments that applied to Universe apply to that third entity - and it leeds to the same conclusion- that it cannnot be different from Brahman. Thus, effectively there is no second entity independent of Brahman. It is without a second !


Second line of the Sloka ..
"విశుద్ధ విజ్ఞాన ఘనం నిరంజనమ్"

2 విశుద్ధ విజ్ఞాన ఘనం - Pure, the essence of knowledge; full of pure knowledge  that lights up all other knowledge.


3 నిరంజనమ్ -  It is Taintless.

 Third line of the Sloka:
 ప్రశాన్తం ఆద్యన్తవిహీనం అక్రియం

4 ప్రశాన్తం -  Pacified , supremely peaceful

It is a witness to the peace around. It is that which can tell us about the peace around. So it is even more peaceful that the peace it sees all around. It is beyond mind and intellect which cretate agitations.

5 ఆద్యన్తవిహీనం -  Timeless, devoid of begining and end. It is not conditioned by birth or death.


6 అక్రియం - Actionless , beyond activity , free of all activity
 

Fourth line  - "నిరన్తరానన్దరస స్వరూపమ్"

7 నిరన్తరానన్దరస స్వరూపమ్ -  Essence of absolute Bliss - always of the nature of bliss absolute

It is not bliss generated from seeing some object attained because of  former merits. It is bliss generated by itself from the knowledge of that ultimate knowledge.


Summary of the attributes of this Sloka 239,

The Suprem Brahman is real and without a second. It is pure knowledge that lights up all knowledge. It is Taintless. Supreme peace. Timeless and actionless. It is always of teh nature of Bliss.


Sloka 240

నిరస్తమాయకృత సర్వభేదమ్
నిత్యం సుఖం నిష్కలమ్ అప్రమేయమ్
అరూపమవ్యక్తమనాఖ్యమవ్యయమ్
జ్యోతిః స్వయం కించిదిదం చకాస్తి||240||


8 నిరస్త మాయకృత సర్వభేదమ్ - Beyond all diversities created by Maya ; transcends Maya and all her diversities

When everything is a supreimposition of Brahman, the differences see are due to Maya or ignorance of Brahman. Brahman itself is beyond Maya.

Second line:
నిత్యం సుఖమ్ నిష్కలమ్ అప్రమేయమ్

9 నిత్యం - Eternal ; It is not condioned by time or states. Beyond three states and times ( past present and future)

10 సుఖం -  Ever beyond reach of pain ; essence of joy

11 నిష్కలమ్ -Indivisible - that which is all pervading and without a second cannot bedivided into two etc


12 అప్రమేయమ్ - Immesurable/unconditioned. Beyond the comprehension of the mind ,

Third line  ..
అరూపమవ్యక్తమనాఖ్యమవ్యయమ్

13 అరూపం -  Formless

14 అవ్యక్తమ్ - undifferentiated, unmanifest

15 అనాఖ్యమ్ -  Nameless

A word or a name is about type, or charatersetic or an action - that which is beyond all this can have no name describing its activity.


16 అవ్యయమ్ -  Immutable

Fourth line

జ్యోతిః స్వయం కించిదిదం చకాస్తి

17 జ్యోతిః స్వయం  - Self luminous

Summary of Sloka 240 

Transcends Maya and all diversity created by Maya. It is Eternal . It is essnce of joy and beyond pain. It is indivisible. It is immeasurable. It id form less. It is nameless. It is immutable and it is self effulgent. It shine on its own.

Sloka 241

జ్ఞాతృజ్ఞానజ్ఞేయశూన్యం
అనన్తం నిర్వికల్పమ్
కేవలాఖండచిన్మాత్రం
పరం తత్త్వం విదుః బుధాః||241||

18 జ్ఞాతృజ్ఞానజ్ఞేయశూన్యం - No differentiation of knower, knowledge, and known ; free from distinctintions of knower, knowledge, and known. 

Second line ..  "అనన్తం నిర్వికల్పమ్"

19 అనన్తం  - infinite

20 నిర్వికల్పమ్ - Transcendent, Trancedental


Third line ..
కేవలాఖండచిన్మాత్రం

21 & 22 కేవలాఖండచిన్మాత్రం - pure, indivisible essence of Knowledge absolute

Fourth line
పరం తత్త్వం విదుః బుధాః-
Such Supreme truth sages have realized

Summary of Sloka 241:

Free from the triads of knower, known and knowledge. It is infinite Transcendental. It is pure and indivisible knowledge. Such Supreme Truth sages have realized

||Sloka 242||

అహేయమనుపాదేయం
మనోవాచామగోచరమ్|
అప్రమేయమనాద్యంతమ్
బ్రహ్మపూర్ణమహం మహః||242

First line - అహేయం అనుపాదేయం

23 అహేయం  -  That which cannot be thrown away ; that which cannot be rejected diminished or subtracted.

24 అనుపాదేయం-  That which cannot be taken up , that which cannot eb accumulated or added. 

Second line ..| మనోవాచామగోచరమ్

 25 మనోవాచామగోచరమ్ -  It is  beyond reach of mind and speech.
యతోవాచా నివర్తన్తే is what we heard in upanishads.
.

Third line  -అప్రమేయమనాద్యంతమ్ -
It is  beyond reach of mind and speech
Fourth line - బ్రహ్మ పూర్ణమహమ్ మహః ||242||

Such is the complete Supreme being. Such is the glorious Self or Atman.

Summary of Sloka 242:

It is that which cannot be thrown away ; that which cannot be rejected diminished or subtracted. It is that which cannot be taken up , that which cannot be accumulated or added. It is  beyond reach of mind and speech. It is  beyond reach of mind and speech. Such is the complete Supreme being. Such is the glorious Self or Atman.

||Om tat sat||


ఃఃఃఃఃఃఃఃఃఃఃఃఃఃఃఃఃః